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ERYTHROCYTE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Erythrocytes require energy in the form of ATP for the maintenance of shape and deformability, phosphorylation of membrane phospholipids and proteins, active membrane transport of various molecules, synthesis of nucleotides by the salvage pathway and synthesis of GSH

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Glossary ATG Autophagy-related genes ACI adoptive cellular immunotherapy AML acute myeloid leukemia AMP adenosine monophosphate AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase ANT adenine nucleotide translocase ANXA1 annexin 1 APCs antigen-presenting cells ARG arginase As astragaloside IV ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated ATP adenosine triphosphate BNIP3 BCL2 Interacting Protein 3 BNIP3L BCL2 Interacting Protein 3 Like BPD-MA benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A BTO Barium Titanate CAR-T cell Chimeric antigen receptor T cell CD8+ T cytotoxic T-cell CDT Chemodynamic therapy CEBP CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Beta CGAS Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase CRC Colorectal cancer CRT calreticulin CSF1 colony stimulating factor 1 CTSS Cathepsin S CuPpIX Cu-modified protoporphyrin CXCL1 C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 Cytc cytochrome c DAMPs damage-associated molecular patterns DC dendritic cells DLC delocalized lipophilic cation DOX doxorubicin DQA dequaliniumchloride ECM extracellular matrix EGF epidermalgrowthfactor EPR enhanced permeability and retention ER endoplasmic reticulum FABP5 Fatty acid binding protein 5 FAO Fatty acid oxidation FFA free fatty acids Foxp3 Forkhead box P3 FUNDC1 FUN14 Domain Containing 1 G-CSF Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor GLUT1 glucose transporter 1 GM-CSF granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor GZMB Granzyme B HF Hinokiflavone HIF-1 hypoxia-inducible factor-1 HK2 hexokinase 2 HMGB1 high-mobility group box 1 HSP heat shock protein ICD immunogenic cell death ICG Indocyanine green IDO1 indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase1 IFN-I type I interferon IL interleukin ITM immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment iTreg induced Treg KRAS KRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase LAG-3 lymphocyte activation gene 3 LC3B Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B LDH-A lactate dehydrogenase LND lonidamine LPNPs Lipid-polymer nanoparticles MCHMs macrophage-cancer hybrid membranes MCJ methylation-controlled J protein MCT monocarboxylate transporters MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cell Met Metformin MHC major histocompatibility complex MHC- Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I MIF migration inhibitory factor Mito- TPP-modified PEGylated mitochondrial-targeted ATO Mito-CI mitochondria-targeted complex I inhibitors Mito-HU Mitochondria-targeted hydroxyurea Mito-LND Mitochondria-targeted mito-LND Mito-Q Mitoquinone MMP-9 matrixmetalloprotein 9 MMPA membrane-permeable peptide amphiphiles MOFs Metal-organic frameworks MOMP membrane permeabilization MPP Mitochondria-penetrating peptide mPTP mitochondrial permeability transition pore mtDNA mitochondrial DNA mTORC1 rapamycin complex 1 mtROS mitochondrial ROS MWCNTs Multi-walled carbon nanotubes NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NEFL Neurofilament Light Chain NIR near-infrared NK natural killer NO nitric oxide NOX NADPH-oxidase NPs nanoparticles NZ Zoledronic acid O2- superoxide OCT organic cation transporters Om oxymatrine OX-mitoDNA oxidized mitochondrial DNA OXPHOS oxidative phosphorylation PACSIN1 Protein Kinase C And Casein Kinase Substrate In Neurons 1 parkin E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin PBA Phenylboronic acid PD-1 programmed cell death protein 1 PDHC pyruvate dehydrogenase complex PD-L1 programmed cell death ligand 1 PDT Photodynamic therapy PEG polyethylene glycol PEP phosphoenolpyruvate PET phosphorescence energy transfer PGC1 peroxide-activated receptor 1 PHDs prolyl hydroxylases PINK1 PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 PK Pyruvate kinase PKM2 pyruvate kinase-M2 splicing isoform PLAC8 Placenta Associated 8 PRRs pattern recognition receptors pS6 phosphorylated S6 PTA photothermal agents PTT Photothermal therapy PTX Paclitaxel RA Raddeanin A RGS1 Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 1 RhodOA Rhodamine B conjugated oleanolic acid derivatives RNS reactive nitrogen ROS reactive oxygen species SDT sonodynamic therapy siRNA small interfering RNA SiR-PXZ silicon rhodamine-based photosensitizer SREBP sterol regulatory element-binding protein SS Szeto-Schiller STING Stimulator Of Interferon Response CGAMP Interactor TAA tumor-associated antigens TAM tumor-associated macrophages TAMs tumor-associated macrophages TCPP tumor-targeted cell membrane penetrating peptides TCR T cell receptor TDC Targeted dendritic curcumin TExh T-cell exhaustion TGF- transforming growth factor beta TILs tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes Ti-Treg tumor-infiltrating Treg TLR toll-like receptors TME tumor microenvironment TPP+ triphenylphosphine TPPLs DSPE-PEG-TPP polymer liposomes Treg regulatory T-cells TSA tumor-specific antigens ULK1 UNC-51-like kinase 1 UPS undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma ZnPc zinc phthalocyanine ZVI-NPs Zero-valent-iron nanoparticle -TOS -tocopheryl succinate m mitochondrial membrane potential References 1 DesideriEVeglianteRCirioloMR

99: Baines JW